时代交织的音符:惹兰加由百年变迁剪影
文图 · 李国樑

惹兰加由的旧店屋与现代化组屋相辉映
惹兰加由(Jalan Kayu)曾是一片广袤的区域,涵盖今日的实龙岗北、盛港西和芬维尔(Fernvale)。随着城市发展,这片土地被重新规划,如今已成为盛港组屋区重要组成部分。整个盛港包括惹兰加由区在内,容纳约20万居民。
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1930年代“空军基地路”上的一列店屋(图源:英国皇家空军(RAF))
“惹兰加由”地区的命名源自昔日的主干公路惹兰加由。1928年,殖民政府为了配合实里达皇家空军基地(实里达机场)和实里达军营的建设,修筑了这条连接军事要塞的“空军基地路”(Air Base Road),后于1937年更名为惹兰加由。这个充满地方特色的马来语名称意为“木柴路”,巧妙地融入了军事设施总工程师C.E. Wood的姓氏Wood(木柴)。
老街风情与文化记忆

Thasevi惹兰加由印度煎饼,师傅正在用心地制作煎饼
惹兰加由的老店屋保存着浓郁的乡村风貌,成为本地人珍贵的情感印迹,市区重建局将它列为保留区。这里最负盛名的美食当属印度煎饼(roti prata),以老字号Thasevi Food为代表。这家印度煎饼店最初只在同利路(Tong Lee Road)的华人咖啡店租个摊位,老饕称它为“惹兰加由印度煎饼”。随着它的声名远播,一些小贩以同宗同源自居,Thasevi为了提醒食客,在自家外墙上注明“无分店”。

约70年前落成的老店屋依地势而建,屋子后面有“地下层”
地产大亨洪恩惠(Ang Oon Hue)对惹兰加由的早期发展影响深远。1950年代,他开发了数以百计的排屋和双层店屋,同利路更以他的公司“同利实业”命名。当时的居民结构约20%为外籍军人和侨民,80%为本地人。如今这些建筑几经易主,大多已完成现代化改造。

聚英学校原地发展成如今的聚英爱老院
洪恩惠对该区的教育传承与社会关怀不遗余力,二战前创办的聚英学校培育了惹兰加由几代人。这所华文小学关闭一段日子后,教育部在裕廊重新以“聚英”为名开办学校,后来与先驱小学合并,但保留“聚英”这个中文校名。聚英将于2026年迁入登加新镇,成为新镇的首所学校。惹兰加由原校舍捐献给政府后改建为聚英爱老院,继续服务各个种族的老年群体。
道路命名的艺术
漫步惹兰加由的横街窄巷,仿佛披上一袭马来气息翩跹的舞衣。西侧道路有苏门答腊的碟子舞(Tari Piring)承载着丰收时节的欢欣,火光摇曳的蜡烛舞(Tari Lilin)辉映着民众对光明的永恒守望,阳伞舞(Tari Payong)旋转着妙龄少女的似水柔情,木盘舞(Tari Dulang)使路上似乎回荡着马来婚礼的美妙乐声。当扎拼舞(Tari Zapin)与阿拉伯鼓点共振那瞬间,时光倒流到帆船时代的港湾,肃穆的爪哇宫廷舞(Tari Serimpi)凝固着古王朝使节衣袂间的外交风云。
越过马路到东侧,罗弄丹甘(Lorong Tanggam)是马来先民与雨林共生,不用一根铁钉的传统木榫(tanggam)建筑。罗弄沙末(Lorong Samak)飘散的单宁酸(samak)气息,将我们带回在竹棚下熬煮甘蜜枝叶的开埠岁月。这些从廖内群岛飘洋过海,撒落在这片土地的种子,化作支持欧洲工业革命的经济作业,缔造了狄更斯与雨果笔下伦敦与巴黎的繁华。
消失的义兴村和甘榜Tongkang Pechah
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榜鹅河上的现代桥梁取代木桥,通往惹兰加由组屋区(消失的义兴村)
盛港西部的芬维尔区,曾经出现过具有传奇色彩的聚落:义兴村和甘榜Tongkang Pechah。义兴村是二战后成立的洪顺堂与忠义堂两个洪门组织总部,村落后门那条横跨榜鹅河的长木桥,平日可以步行到对岸的万国(Buangkok),遇到风险时方便逃生。这些挂着洪门旗帜的“反清”组织迅速蔓延开来,到处成立支派,成为遍布全岛各地的私会党。直到1970年代,猖狂的私会党活动才被压制下来。
甘榜Tongkang Pechah位于俗称杨厝港8英里的榜鹅河畔,以马来人居多。它的原意是“烂木船村”,取义自这是个丢弃木船的地方。根据老村民的回忆,他们过着“靠海吃海”的质朴生活,蛤蜊、海螺、螃蟹和鲜鱼之类的海产直接来自这一带的河海。桌上新鲜的佳肴是根据当天的渔获量身定做的,不过这并非出于自愿,而是因为家里没有雪柜的缘故。
半个世纪前,政府征用土地发展养猪业,这一带的村民被安置到宏茂桥和大巴窑。他们搬迁到新镇后,仍然保持着从前的习俗,在组屋楼下空旷的草地上烧柴煮饭和交换食物。对他们来说,这种生活日常所体现的是传统社区精神(gotong royong),也是一种民族身份,以及和亲人保持联系的方式。
昙花一现的养猪业
上世纪70至80年代的惹兰加由,属于养猪场的时代记忆。当时政府在这片土地上推动农业现代化,让养猪业从传统散养走向制度化量产。1977年,当局投入超过百万元来改善榜鹅与惹兰加由的排水系统,农产局设立兽医站和检测设施,让养猪更安全、更卫生。曾经在种植园里劳作的华人与印度劳工成为猪农,以“异香”来换取一家生计。
居住在惹兰加由一带的老街坊谈起那段日子,记忆最深的是养猪场飘来那挥之不去的腥臊气息。正是这些气味难闻的农场,默默支撑着新加坡快速膨胀的人口,为餐桌上的肉食提供保障。它们好比经济的齿轮,在尚未完全现代化的年代,用最质朴的方式来维系这座城市的运转。
惹兰加由的养猪场也是社区经济的纽带,许多农工在闲暇时摆摊卖货,成为路边街市熟悉的风貌。最令人回味的,莫过于“馊水养猪”的传统。那些从餐馆、咖啡店和住家收集的剩菜残羹,曾是猪圈里最经济实惠的饲料。1980年实施的馊水禁令与进口饲料价格的波动,使到本就利润微薄的养猪业左支右绌。
那时候马来西亚、泰国和印尼峇淡岛的养猪业成本低廉,本地农场难以竞争。当农场排泄物渗入河流,威胁着水源生态的时候,养猪业的命运便已注定。1987年,随着最后一间养猪场的关闭,养猪业彻底退出本地舞台。如今我们走过这片土地,已闻不到当年的气息,但那段关于拼搏、转型与告别的故事,仍深埋在惹兰加由的土壤里,等待着您的聆听。
多元信仰和谐共生

惹兰加由联合庙的包公庙十殿阎罗,上有包公,下有阎罗,举头三尺有神明
这片土地滋养着独特而深厚的信仰脉络,串联起各个族群的虔诚与守望。二战结束后,新加坡长老会嘉恩堂(Abundant Grace Presbyterian Church)的钟声开始在惹兰加由回荡。该堂自成立以来,一直坚持用中文传播福音;显现堂(Church of the Epiphany)则书写着另一段南印度移民的故事。他们在实里达军营和种植园工作,早期常在简陋的亚答屋聚会,直到新加坡独立翌年才建成一座朴实的圣堂。后来这座已被拆除的教堂经历了凤凰涅槃般的重生,边筹款边重建的新教堂屹立在前实里达军营外。过渡期间,信徒们暂借嘉恩堂聚会,两座教堂在同一屋檐下流淌着跨越种族的信仰共鸣。
2011年诞生的惹兰加由联合庙,让万国山忠义庙、包公庙、龙南殿和乌敏泰佛寺四座被迫迁徙的庙宇在这里聚首,香火交织中延续着华人信仰。特别巧思的是包公庙的地底下有座十殿阎罗,以上有包公,下有阎罗的方式警示世人,举头三尺有神明,人生在世应该行善积德、远离恶业。
联合庙的神诞活动,以龙南殿的九皇爷庆典最为浩大。农历九月初九恭送九皇爷回銮,信徒们云集海滩,手持清香虔诚叩拜,目送法船在熊熊烈火中焚化于海天之间,仿佛重现九位义士的英魂乘风破浪,最终升华为庇佑众生的星辰的近代传说。
《太上玄灵北斗本命延生真经》的经文“于是七元君,大圣显通灵,济度诸厄难,超出苦众生”,清楚诠释九皇爷的星宿来源。民间传说则赋予九皇爷传奇的色彩,秦始皇焚书坑儒,九位义士奋起反抗,却遭法师所害,身首异处后被封入陶瓮抛入大海。谁知道英灵不灭,竟能言语,终被渔人所救。法师无计可施,秦始皇只好追封他们为“皇爷神”。到了近代,九皇爷信仰甚至与19世纪传入本地的洪门文化密切相关。
从远古的星宿崇拜到近代的洪门文化,九皇爷的身份重新受到诠释。这种结合星宿崇拜与历史遗迹的民间信仰,也是沉淀在新加坡这片土地上独特的民俗景观。
从红头巾女工到翱翔天际的翅膀
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1920年代兴建实里达机场与军营的三水女工(图源:英国皇家空军(RAF))
1928年,实里达空军基地启用,那是由一群头裹红头巾、脚踏自制胶鞋的三水女工,在烈日下一砖一瓦,联手建造的军事要塞。英国军人看着这群在工地上挥汗如雨的华人女子,惊叹地称她们为“混凝土中的小妇人”(Concrete Lizzies)。这个称谓源自他们熟悉的美国小说《小妇人》里坚韧自立的女性形象,无意中镌刻下早期女性“外劳”在新加坡建设史上不可磨灭的身影。

实里达军营的军官住宅改造成的The Summerhouse西餐馆
实里达军营里黑白相间的殖民地平房,曾是英国军官与家眷的栖身之所。英军撤离后,这些承载着往昔记忆的建筑被赋予新的生命。其中一栋军官别墅几经蜕变,从翠鸟俱乐部(The Kingfisher Club)的欢声笑语,化身为今日The Summerhouse的静谧优雅。
1977年10月29日,实里达机场突然成为国际瞩目的焦点。当时四名武装越南人劫持越南航空公司一架从胡志明市起飞的国内航班,在越南领空杀害两名机组人员和重伤另一名机组人员,迫使这架共载着36人的飞机改变航线,降落在实里达机场。新加坡官员冷静地说服劫机者缴械投降,将伤者送入大巴窑医院救治。乘客在酒店住宿一晚,隔天早上搭乘原机飞回胡志明市。劫机者因触犯本地军火法令,被判入狱和鞭刑。这起劫机事件,树立起新加坡刚毅果敢的形象。
今日的实里达已展翅高飞,从昔日的军事基地转型为实里达航空园(Seletar Aerospace Park),成为亚洲航空业的重要维修枢纽。这里创造的不仅是20万个就业机会,更是新加坡永续发展的空中走廊。或许不久的将来,氢能源与电气化技术将引导航空业继续领航。
惹兰加由就像一曲悠长的时代交响乐,乐章串联着民间的袅袅炊烟,从红头巾女工加固的土地,到现代航空引擎轰鸣的长空。这片土地上的每一块砖瓦、每一道美食、每一个传说,都在谱写着时光交织的音符。
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惹兰加由地形图(根据2025年谷歌地图绘制)
参考文献:
[1]Abundant Grace Presbyterian Church, http://www.agpc.net.sg/, accessed 12 March 2025.
[2]A Short Sunderland flying boat landing on the water, https://www.roots.gov.sg/Collection-Landing/listing/1143468, accessed 17 March 2025.
[3]Broken Barges: Remembering Tongkang Pechah, https://medium.com/@brokenbarges/broken-barges-remembering-tongkang-pechah-10e739f0b327, accessed 12 March 2025.
[4]CAAS, Learn About Singapore Aviation, https://www.caas.gov.sg/public-passengers/learn-about-singapore-aviation, accessed 17 March 2025.
[5]Church of the Epiphany, https://churchoftheepiphany.sg/, accessed 13 March 2025.
[6]Jalan Kayu, Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_Kayu, accessed 6 February 2025.
[7]The Old Man and the Pigs: Mr Liau, Jalan Kayu Pig Farms, and Singapore’s Lost Memories, https://medium.com/@brokenbarges/the-old-man-and-the-pigs-mr-liau-jalan-kayu-pig-farms-and-singapores-lost-memories-fb2e78fa0171, accessed 14 March 2025.
[8]The Remaking of Jalan Kayu’s Church of The Epiphany, https://remembersingapore.org/2019/12/08/jalan-kayu-church-of-the-epiphany/, accessed 13 March 2025.
[9]Zakaria, Faizah, Seletar Camp, Singapore Infopedia, https://www.nlb.gov.sg/main/article-detail?cmsuuid=7c7f67 fe-a995-4704-9606-3de56e502e90, accessed 15 March 2025.
[10]黄友平,《新加坡地名探索》,八方文化(2020)
[11]李国樑,《黑道江湖:中國天地會衍生的新加坡私會黨》(2025)
[12]《南洋商报》
[13]《星洲日报》
(作者为英国皇家造船师学会会员、自由文史工作者)
Jalan Kayu: Where Singapore’s Past Meets Its Flight Path to the Future
Jalan Kayu area, once a rural community with British military operations at its northern end, is now a vibrant suburb in the current Sengkang Housing Estate. Underneath the HDB blocks lies a vibrant tapestry of narratives: of pioneers, secret societies, pig farms and aspirations of aerospace.
The name “Jalan Kayu” comes from the primary road in the past, Jalan Kayu, which was constructed in 1928 as “Air Base Road” to serve the newly built Royal Air Force Base at Seletar. Renamed in 1937, the Malay term “Jalan Kayu”, which translates to “firewood road”, gives a subtle reference to the project’s chief engineer, C.E. Wood.
Despite being urbanised, Jalan Kayu still retains traces of its kampong charm–the rows of preserved shophouses remain to house enduring businesses, none more iconic than Thasevi Food. Once a humble stall in a Chinese coffee shop, its increasing popularity led to imitators, prompting the owner to declare that this is the sole “Famous Jalan Kayu Prata Restaurant” on the shopfront.
Property tycoon Ang Oon Hue transformed the district in the 1950s by constructing hundreds of terrace houses and shophouses. Tong Lee Road is named after his company. He also established Ju Eng Public School, which educated generations of local residents. The MOE reinstated the school’s name at Jurong several years following its closure. The original premises now serve as the Ju Eng Home, a senior care centre catering to multiple ethnicities .
Street names here signify more than mere geography. They share narratives as well. For example, streets named after traditional Malay dances such as Tari Zapin and Tari Piring reflect the cultural beats of Malay kampongs. Lorong Samak reminds us of the initial gambier plantations. The processed gambier was exported to Europe to aid the Industrial Revolution.
Prior to the construction of Sengkang’s HDB flats, parts of Jalan Kayu were inhabitated by traditional kampongs. Yixing Village served as the secret society’s headquarters after the war. Close to Kampong Tongkang Pechah, which translates to “village of the broken boat”, was home to fishermen. They lived off the river, keeping their catch in their stomachs rather than in refrigerators which they lacked.
In the 1970s, Jalan Kayu became a focal point of Singapore’s efforts toward agricultural modernisation. Pig farms scattered throughout the area, supported by government initiatives including drainage upgrades and vetinery assistances. Environmental concerns and availability of cheaper imported meat led to the industry’s shut down. The recollection of perspiration and endurance remains today for those who lived through it.
Religion here is as unique and profound as its past. Abundant Grace Presbyterian Church and Church of the Epiphany rose after the war, catering Chinese and Tamil-speaking communities respectively. In recent years, four Taoist temples affected by redevelopment came together to set up the Jalan Kayu Joint Temple. Events such as the Nine Emperor Gods festivals combine Taoist cosmology with narratives of martyrdom and opposition associated with the Tiandihui (Heaven and Earth Society).
Likewise, women, physically made their presence known here. The original Seletar Air Base was constructed by Samsui women, tough immigrant labourers nicknamed “Concrete Lizzies” by British military personnel. Their contributions established the groundwork for what would eventually turn into an aviation hub.
Jalan Kayu garnered attention in 1977 when a hijacked Vietnam Airlines flight had to land at Seletar Airport. Singapore officials calmly negotiated the surrender of the armed hijackers, demonstrating the city-state’s increasing reputation for resoluteness and determination.
Today, Seletar is home to a thriving aerospace industry, providing over 200,000 job opportunites and strengthen Singapore’s position as a regional aviation maintenance hub. From pig farms and shophouses to jet engines and innovation, Jalan Kayu exemplifies Singapore’s capacity to adapt to change.
In this humble area, every street, every dish and every tale reveals a segment of the nation’s broader legacy, a journey from the ground to the sky.

