点滴往事串联成的家族史片段
——陈武烈外孙陈吉瑞访谈记
文·莫美颜 图·受访者提供
对我们来说,了解祖先的事迹不但可以寻根溯源,知道自己是谁,还可以为自己的生活提供借鉴,从中获得启示和帮助。陈吉瑞也有这样的想法。因为这一信念他不会轻易放弃任何一个可以让他进一步认识祖先的机会;因为这一信念,不久前他终于寻获外祖母郭金娘(1888-1932)的坟墓。滴水成河,祖先的形象也因此越见清晰。
密林中寻获外祖母郭金娘的坟墓
现年69岁的陈吉瑞(Terence Tan Kiat Swee)是福建帮领导人陈武烈(1874-1934)的外孙。陈武烈是华社领袖陈金钟的孙子、慈善家陈笃生的曾孙。
郭金娘是陈武烈的第二任太太。他的第一任太太邱吉娘(1879-1903)年仅24岁便离世,留下五名年幼的子女。陈武烈何时续弦至今仍是谜,不过陈吉瑞相信,郭金娘进门后应该是忙于照顾五名年幼的孩子,所以迟至32岁才生下女儿陈宝月(1922-1961)。陈宝月就是陈吉瑞的母亲,她与陈文水医生(1917-1993)结婚后共育三男,陈吉瑞是他俩的幼子。
陈吉瑞的外公陈武烈,一生敬重和仰慕祖父陈金钟,因此把1910年所建的别墅命名为“金钟大厦”(Golden Bell Mansion)。大厦属乔治王朝时期的建筑风格,同时又融入新古典主义建筑特色,既有陶立克圆柱,又有华丽的拱门,还有古希腊式的横条装饰。别墅楼层高,走廊宽,装有活页窗,通风良好,很适合热带气候。大厦目前的业主是新加坡土地局,租户是丹麦海员教会,他们曾出版《金钟别墅》一书记述大厦的历史。
陈武烈是辛亥革命倡导者孙中山的追随者,也是新加坡同盟会的会员。孙中山回中国就任中华民国第一任临时大总统、途径新加坡时,1911年12月15日曾在陈武烈兴建的金钟大厦留宿一宿,当时接待他的就是陈武烈的夫人郭金娘。1912年2月15日,孙中山的原配夫人卢慕贞及红颜知己陈粹芬,还有女儿孙蜓与孙婉,在回中国途中路过新加坡时也下榻金钟大厦,同样由郭金娘接待,可见郭金娘的贤慧。
郭金娘于1932年去世,下葬于武吉布朗(Bukit Brown)。1932年6月1日《海峡时报》报道,出席葬礼的亲友众多,当中就包括当时暹罗总领事Phra Mam Raksha。陈武烈继承家族殷实的企业,所经营的家族米业振成号又居东南亚之冠。经商之余也热心公益,曾捐助泰国华侨创建的泰京天华慈善医院和报德善堂,经常往返泰国,与泰国的关系密切。
虽风光大葬,多年以后不知怎的郭金娘的坟墓却被深藏在武吉布朗的深山野林里不知所踪。一天陈吉瑞在翻查家族资料时无意间发现《海峡时报》这份有关郭金娘葬礼的报道,引发他寻找外祖母坟墓的兴趣。他联系上陈笃生的玄孙陈继廉,请他与在武吉布朗寻墓发掘历史的“武吉布朗人”(Brownies)联络,协助寻找外祖母郭金娘的坟墓。
皇天不负有心人,两周后“武吉布朗人”捎来好消息,告诉他郭金娘的坟墓找到了,但被掩盖在坟场内一片杂草丛中。陈吉瑞找来了工作人员披荆斩棘,还砍掉长在坟头上的一棵树,外祖母的坟墓才得以重见天日。陈吉瑞说,由于坟墓上的字迹已模糊不清,没有一些技巧根本无法辨认。他们在经特别处理的字迹上漆上红漆后,才清楚看到郭金娘墓碑上的碑文。中文刻着陈武烈妻郭金娘之墓与去世年月日及陈武烈六名子女的名字;英文碑文则加刻年龄。今年清明节,陈吉瑞和妻子冯婉珊及陈继廉一起到郭金娘坟前扫墓,聊表孝心。
陈吉瑞10岁丧母
陈武烈与郭金娘的女儿陈宝月命途多舛。陈武烈辞世时她不过12岁,就读于上海徐家汇一所教会办的贵族学校崇德女学,即今天上海七一中学。而那时她的母亲郭金娘即陈吉瑞的外婆早两年已去世,所以陈宝月12岁时就成了孤儿。
新马知名历史学者柯木林在一篇题为《陈武烈失踪解谜》的文章中,提到一份陈笃生玄孙陈继廉提供的“民国二十三年十月二十四日侨务委员会行政院报告”,报告中陈宝月谈到当时自己的处境,大意是:兄姐散居各地,鲜少通讯,自己只身上海,无依无靠,连学费也付不起,后获得国民政府中央抚恤委员会支助学费,学费寄交崇德女学校长收存,以作吉蒂求学期间费用。吉蒂是陈宝月别名。
据知,父亲去世后陈宝月在上海没待多久便回到新加坡,在其大姐陈宝丽的安排下报读新加坡女子学校,她修完护士课程后与陈文水医生结婚。1961年陈宝月因皮肤癌辞世,去世时年仅39岁。
陈吉瑞说,母亲离世时他才10岁,是妈姐把他带大的。在他的记忆里,母亲为人和蔼可亲,深受家人和亲友的爱戴,她说得一口流利的英语、华语和泰语,上海话和福建话也说得很溜,她也是个很注重传统礼俗的妇女。“每逢农历新年的初一初二,妈妈一定带着我们三兄弟到亲戚家串门拜年,而妈妈总会告诉我们拜访的是什么亲戚,虽然直到长大后我才了解我们和这些亲戚的关系,但也因此让我们维系着与这些亲戚的联系,并对自己的家族历史和家庭背景有一个初步概念。”
资料显示,翡翠山路(Emerald Hill Road)117号屋是陈武烈的寓所。陈吉瑞小时候母亲常带他到寓所拜访大姨妈陈宝丽。陈宝丽在银行家夫婿肖保龄去世后便搬回117号屋居住直到60年代。陈吉瑞印象中117号屋是一座独立楼房,有两层楼,天花板很高。117号屋后来出售拆除,现址为共管式公寓绿宝石大厦(Emerald Mansion)。
本地英语剧坛一部不朽的独角剧,《娘惹艾美丽》(Emily of Emerald Hill),其故事场景就在翡翠山路11号屋内。剧作者,本地著名英语作家官星波(Stella Kon)是陈武烈的曾外孙女。剧本以上世纪30年代至60年土生华人社会及文化为背景,讲述一个穷人家的少女,嫁入豪门,努力经营一个家,最后面对孩子和丈夫离去和失去翡翠山的不幸,展现一个新加坡娘惹坎坷的一生。此剧除搬上本地舞台,也曾在马来西亚和中国杭州上演。观众可从剧中人物艾美丽身上看到官星波的外婆陈宝丽强悍的身影。
官星波在英国爱丁堡出世成长,在新加坡受教育。有说她对新加坡的认知既疏离又带怀旧情怀。她另有几部剧作为她赢取过几次新加坡全国剧作比赛大奖。另一部作品“Eston”还获得文学奖的荣誉奖项。现在官星波主要致力于音乐剧创作。
陈武烈的家族后裔目前已传到第六代,人数为194人,仍健在的158名散居新加坡、马来西亚、泰国、英国、德国、澳大利亚、美国和加拿大等国家。他们活跃于不同领域,并继续传承家族奉献社会的传统。
以外祖父为荣耀
谈到外祖父,最令陈吉瑞敬佩的是他的献身社会和热心兴学。陈武烈在1897年到1916年担任天福宫主要领导人时,最了不起的一件事是完成天福宫的重修工作。天福宫是新加坡早期华人社会的领导机构。此外,1899年陈武烈也任新加坡华人女子学校财政,他是该校的发起人之一,另外他也是华人义勇军队员及陈笃生医院管理委员会委员。
陈吉瑞说,外祖父跟陈氏家族的其他祖先一样不仅关心本地侨民的福利,也挂念着其故乡的发展。资料显示,陈武烈曾捐龙银150大元协助家乡修路。这都叫陈吉瑞引以为傲。“他是那么的无私,热心公益事业,推动社会和教育事业的发展,造福人群。”
虽然没见过外祖父,也没接受过他的教诲,但陈吉瑞相信,自己的为人处世或多或少受到外公服务社会的精神感召。
陈吉瑞已退休,之前在保险金融业奋斗超过40年。他于1972年踏入保险业,隔年成为劳埃德(Lloyds,是英国五大银行之一)唯一被派往英国受训的华人员工。受训期间他像海绵般尽量多吸收与金融业相关的知识,之后还到法国、挪威和美国进修。
在40多年的保险生涯中,陈吉瑞曾是本地和外国保险公司及保险经纪公司的区域主管、首席分销官、主席、金融业纠纷调解中心(FIDReC)总裁。陈吉瑞说:“身为主管我们必须帮助员工更好的发挥他们的才能,这样公司才能创造更好的业绩。”所以他采取“倒金字塔”管理法,把一线员工放在最上层,把权力和责任下放到他们身上,而把自己放到最下层负责监督的工作。这种协助员工的想法是不是受外公热心助人的精神启迪陈吉瑞说不上来,不过他相信“你帮助别人别人也会帮助你”,所谓“助人为快乐之本”。退休后陈吉瑞仍继续助人,只是转换了平台和对象,他除到伯大尼卫理疗养院(Bethay Methodist Nursing Home)当义工,也与后进分享他个人在人生及保险金融业的工作经验。
(作者为本刊特约记者)
Detailing an episode of family history
An interview with Tan Kiat Swee
I believe in the search for traces of one’s forebears, is not only a search for roots and origins, but also an understanding of oneself and also a self-discovery of one’s life. It is with similar thoughts in mind which led Tan Kiat Swee to embark determinedly on a search for his ancestors’ graves. With great dedication, it was not long after before he discovered his maternal grandmother, Kwok Kim Neo’s (1888 – 1932) tomb. A trickle of findings swelled to a flood of discoveries.
The search into the verdant for Grandmother’s tomb
Terence Tan Kiat Swee, 69 years, is the grandson of Tan Boo Liat (1874 – 1934), a leader in the Hokkien clan. Tan Boo Liat was the grandson of Chinese community leader Tan Kim Ching and great grandson of philanthropist Tan Tock Seng.
Kwok Kim Neo was the second wife of Tan Boo Liat. His first wife Khoo Kit Neo (1879 – 1903) passed away at 24 years of age leaving behind five young children. According to Tan Kiat Swee, Kwok Kim Neo was busily raising the five step children, that it wasn’t until she was 32 years of age before she bore her first child Tan Poh Guat (1922 – 1961), a daughter. Tan Poh Guat married Dr. Tan Boon Jhui (1917 – 1993), had three children. The youngest of which is Terence Tan Kiat Swee.
Tan Kiat Swee’s maternal grandfather Tan Boo Liat, had a deep respect for his grandfather Tan Kim Ching. He built a grand villa in 1910 and called it “Golden Bell Mansion” in his honour – Kim Ching translates to gold bell. The building was basically in English Georgian style, but mixed with Neo-classical and embellished with ancient Greek motifs and Doric columns. In his time Tan Boo Liat was a strong supporter of Dr Sun Yat Sen and his anti-Qing revolution. He hosted Dr Sun on two occasions in Golden Bell Villa after he became President of Republican China.
Kwok Kim Neo died in 1932 and was buried in Bukit Brown Cemetry, as reported in the Straits Times on 1st June 1932. Tan Boo Liat took over the family’s business around this time, especially the import of rice from Thailand. With the passage of time, Kim Neo’s tomb was overgrown and thus lost in the greenery and flora of Bukit Brown. By sheer coincidence, Tan Kiat Swee, while gleaning through some family papers came across the Straits Times report of Kim Neo’s funeral and burial at Bukit Brown. This stirred his desire to locate his maternal grandmother’s tomb. He called his cousin Tan Ji Lian, another descendant of Tan Tock Seng, and together they sought the help of the “Brownies” – a Bukit Brown Cemetry enthusiast group.
“The heavens favour the faithful”, for after a long and difficult search the tomb was located. Buried under thick verdant undergrowth and shaded beneath a tree which has taken root just above the tombstone, Tan Kim Neo’s final resting place was brought to light. Tan Kiat Swee said that the task of deciphering the worn-out engraved words was particularly difficult, and after applying a “red-paint’ process did the words become clear. Engraved in both Chinese and English, Kwok Kim Neo, wife of Tan Boo Liat, date of death and names of all her six children and her age at death, all became clear. This year’s Qing Ming Festival, both Tan Kiat Swee and Tan Ji Lian’s families paid their respect at Tan Kim Neo’s rediscovered tomb.
Tan Kiat Swee said that he was only 10 years old when his mother Tan Poh Guat passed away. He was brought up by the family’s majie (Cantonese domestic servant). He fondly remembers his mother bringing him and his siblings to the ancestral house at 117 Emerald Hill Road, especially during Chinese New Year celebrations. He recalls meeting his mother’s elder sister Aunt Tan Poh Li who lived there.
Most of all, Tan Kiat Swee recalls the public contributions and philanthropy of Tan Boo Liat, who in 1899 founded the Singapore Chinese Girls School and an active member on the Board of Tan Tock Seng Hospital.
Tan Kiat Swee is now retired, having been an outstanding member of the Insurance business in Singapore. His 40 years of service in the insurance industry saw him holding highly responsible posts, one of which being the Chairman of FIDReC. He also upholds a family tradition of public service, by volunteering at the Bethany Methodist Nursing Home.
(translated by Kwan Yue Keng)